Learning Paths

 

                                                                        Learning to learn, teaching to learn

                                                                   Strategies, motivations and attitudes for learner autonomy

Luciano Mariani, Milano, Italy                                                                                          


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- The challenge of plurilingual education: Promoting transfer across the language curriculum

- Researching beliefs and attitudes in language learning

- Language learning motivation - a multi-dimensional competence

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We shall not cease from exploration

And the end of all our exploring

Will be to arrive where we started

And know the place for the first time.     

                                 T. S. Eliot

 

Beliefs and attitudes: A key to learner and teacher progression

Learners’ and teachers’ beliefs and attitudes towards languages and cultures, language learning and teaching, and themselves as learners and teachers have proved to affect intentions, decisions and behaviour in the classroom. This paper reports on the preliminary results of a survey carried out in Italian upper secondary schools, with the aim of monitoring and hopefully fostering learner (and teacher) progression.

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Awareness

Beliefs about reading

Beliefs and attitudes

Brain dominance

Classification strategies

Cultural learning styles

Error correction

Grammar learning

Induction strategies

Inference strategies

Language awareness

Language resources

Learner autonomy

Learner portfolio

Learner training

Learning strategies

Learning styles

Modularity

Motivation in language learning

Plurilingualism

Portfolios

Process & competence

Strategic competence

Study skills

Task motivation

Teaching styles

Technology and styles

 

The only true voyage of discovery is not to go to new places, but to have other eyes.

                      Marcel Proust

 

Teacher Support and Teacher Challenge in Promoting Learner Autonomy

Promoting autonomy means helping students find their own personal balance between dependence (on such factors as the teacher and the textbook) and self-regulation. If we become more aware of the degree to which we support and challenge learners in our  management of tasks and interaction, we can then better evaluate our teaching style, the activities we use, and our students' motivational profiles.

Language learning motivation: A multi-dimensional competence

If we accept the idea that motivation is neither a natural gift nor the result of fortuitous circumstances, then we need to consider its multiple dimensions: the influence of interpersonal and sociocultural relationships, the impact of the learning tasks which are set in the classroom, and the dynamic interplay of personal values, beliefs and perceptions which shape the language learner’s identity.

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Communication strategies

is both a handbook for teachers, teacher trainers and educators, providing them with a sound methodological background, and a collection of 30 practice activities, games and tasks for language learners and users.

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Developing strategic competence: towards autonomy in oral interaction

Strategic competence - solving communication problems despite inadequate command of the linguistic/sociocultural code - is an important feature of both L1 and L2 interaction. Teaching approaches will have to ensure that students consider authentic situations where strategies play a significant role; become aware of strategies through observation and discussion; and face problem-oriented, open-ended interactive tasks which require strategy use to negotiate meanings and intentions.

Learning strategies, teaching strategies and new curricular demands: a critical view

New curricular demands, with their emphasis on competence and performance, prompt us to investigate the role that learning strategies can realistically play in the learning/teaching process, both from a cognitive and from an affective-motivational point of view. Learners should not just be "trained" to use strategies - rather, students and teachers should engage in a mutual effort to negetiate their own specific contribution to learning tasks.

The challenge of plurilingual education: Promoting transfer across the language curriculum

A plurilingual curriculum is responsible for promoting the transfer of knowledge, beliefs/attitudes and skills across languages, This means (re)discovering the potential of cross-curricular language education, highlighting transferable elements in the areas of language awareness and learning awareness.

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Learning styles across cultures

Learning styles are as much affected by cultural factors as all other areas of individual differences.  Such factors, while shaping individual identity, should not lead to undue generalizations or even stereotypes. Within multi-cultural educational institutions, possible clashes between learning and teaching styles can only be dealt with through processes of awareness raising, mediation and negotiation.

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Learning strategies: bridging the gap between competence and process

Learning strategies have long been recognised as a key tool to empower students and promote learner autonomy. Recent debates on school reform, however, invite us to clarify the place that strategy instruction may have in a new curriculum, with special regard to the concept of "competence” and to the interaction between “process” and “product”. Thus it is important to investigate the role that strategies can play in the learning process, both from a cognitive and from an affective-motivational point of view.

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Learning styles   Learning strategies    Motivation

Learner autonomy    Beliefs and attitudes

Technology      Portfolios     Study skills

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Highlights from the Italian section

La motivazione negli apprendimenti linguistici: Approcci teorici e implicazioni pedagogiche

Dal prodotto al processo: Il lato nascosto della competenzaa

Imparare le lingue straniere a scuola: una ricerca sulle convinzioni e gli atteggiamenti degli studenti

Imparare a imparare, insegnare a imparare

Gestire le differenze individuali: una pluralità di interventi 

Le diversità culturali negli stili cognitivi e comunicativi:
dal conflitto al compromesso alla sinergia

Sezioni speciali

Progetto Portfolio

La motivazione a scuola

Le convinzioni di insegnanti e studenti

Le strategie comunicative interculturali

Le strategie comunicative interculturali possono aiutare a colmare il divario tra ciò che si vorrebbe dire o capire e la propria limitata competenza linguistica, comunicativa o interculturale. Questa competenza strategica viene sviluppata nell’ambito di un’educazione linguistica plurilingue e multiculturale. Il volume offre una cinquantina di attività, giochi e compiti, per i quali, oltre a dettagliate indicazioni per l’insegnante, vengono forniti tutti i materiali necessari.

 

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www.learningpaths.org    Luciano Mariani, Milan, Italy